UNDP United Nations Development Programme ÈÑäÇãÌ ÇáÃãã ÇáãÊÍÏÉ ÇáÅäãÇÆí
Programme on Governance in the Arab Region ÈÑäÇãÌ ÅÏÇÑÉ ÇáÍßã Ýí ÇáÏæá ÇáÚÑÈíÉ POGAR
Publications: Legislature
- Executive Summary
- Introduction
- The Egyptian Case
  - The Government’s and Parliament’s Role in the Legislative Process
  - The Parliament’s Legislative Activity during the Sixth Legislative Phase (1990-1995)
  - The Parliament’s Legislative Activity in the Seventh Legislative Phase (1995-2000)
  - Evaluating the Parliament’s Legislative Performance during the Study’s Duration
- The Lebanese Case
  - The Legislative Power’s Composition
  - Assessment of the Lebanese Parliament’s Legislative Performance
- The Kuwaiti Case
  - An Overview of the Relationship between Powers in the Kuwaiti Constitution
  - The Parliament’s Situation in the Kuwaiti Political System
  - The Decree on Women’s Political Rights as Part of The Political Struggle between the Parliament and the Government
- The Moroccan Case
  - The First Parliamentary Experience (1963-1965)
  - The Legislative Yield of the Third and Fourth Parliamentary Sessions (1977-1984), (1984-1992)
  - The Field and Limits of the Moroccan Parliament’s Jurisdictions
- The Yemeni Case
  - The Nature of the Regime or the Political System in the Yemeni Republic
  - The First Parliamentary Council after Unification
  - The Second Council (1993-1997)
  - The 1997 Parliament
- Conclusion
- Notes
Legislative Functions of the Arab Parliaments: Comparative Study
by Dr. Azza Wehbe

The Moroccan Case:
The First Parliamentary Experience (1963-1965)

Before discussing the Moroccan parliament’s legislative performance, it is necessary to make the following remarks:
1- The government did not have a wide majority to confront the opposition.
2- The opposition included personalities with political, cultural, and popular bearing.
3- The government itself was weak, and this weakness was reflected in its weight in the parliament, in addition to the fact that legislative initiatives stemmed in most cases from the opposition.
4- The government had consisted of a front that soon split after its founder established a party by the name of “The Socialist Democratic Party” .

The parliament began its work on 18 November 1963 and ended its work by announcing an exceptional (emergency) situation on 7 June 1965. That is, it did not remain in office except for a year and a half. During this period, 4 sessions and exceptional sessions were inaugurated but did not continue their missions.

During this period, the parliament discussed the 1964 and 1965 fiscal plans. This discussion was an occasion for discussing government policy, particularly the problems of education, labor, health, colonial territories, judicial affairs (that included the plurality of courts and the unity of legislation and its moroccanization and arabization), and the government’s foreign policy (the issues of borders, the Arab University, the Arab Common Market negotiations).

Within the context of positive efforts made by the parliament, the opposition submitted several law proposals, the most important of which were the following:

  • A proposal for an agricultural reform law.
  • The unification of courts and the moroccanization and arabization of judicial affairs.
  • The arabization of the administration.
  • The prohibition of the sale of alcohol and its distribution in public places.
  • A draft law proposal on nationalizing sugar production and manufacture factories and the securing of minerals.
  • A draft law proposal on amending the press law by canceling the paragraph added by the 28 May 1960 amendment, a paragraph which gave the Minister of Internal Affairs the right to administrative seizure of publications if they undermine the foundations of religious states. It can be dismissed by government security forces.

But the parliament issued only a limited number of laws, the most important of which were the following:
1. A law for unifying, arabizing, and morrocanizing courts.
2. An income tax law for employees.
3. A law for founding a special justice court for the offenses of deception, bribery, and the abuse of power. This law was presented by the government and opposed by the opposition which argued that there is no need for a special law and courts and that special judicial authorities might be abused for political purposes.
4. A law amending the press law by canceling the Articles of exception that permit foreigners to found newspapers in Morocco. The parliamentary council approved this law in the same day that the emergency situation was declared, and thus the parliament ceased its activities.
5. A law of the three-year plan submitted by the government under the heading of economic and social government policy. Its discussion was one of those that raised crucial issues, to industry, tourism and the formation of cadres.

Parliament members put forth several questions (oral and written). Representatives of the National Union of the People’s Forces submitted a supervisory petition calling for contesting confidence in the government on 15 June 1964 demanding the implementation a socioeconomic policy compatible with the country’s needs. After the government’s defense of its policy, the petition was voted on but did not win a majority of votes.

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